Crewed Missions
Human Spaceflight
People living and working off the planet, continuously, for decades.
Humans have lived in orbit without a break since 2000. The International Space Station is a laboratory, a diplomatic project and a proving ground for the long-duration life support that missions to the Moon and Mars will depend on — with commercial stations preparing to succeed it.
Missions to Human Spaceflight
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ISRO · Moon — South Pole
Chandrayaan-4
India's first lunar sample return mission. Will collect approximately 3 kg of regolith from the lunar south pole and return it to Earth.
NASA · Moon — South Pole
Artemis III
First crewed lunar landing since Apollo 17. Targets the Shackleton crater rim at the lunar south pole, carrying the first woman and first person of colour to the Moon.
NASA · Mars
Mars Sample Return
The Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign is an ambitious joint initiative by NASA and the European Space Agency (ESA) designed to bring pristine Martian soil, rock cores, and atmospheric samples back to Earth for the first time in human history. Building upon the groundwork laid by the Perseverance rover—which has been collecting and sealing scientifically valuable samples in Jezero Crater—this multi-vehicle mission involves complex robotics, a launch from the surface of another planet, and an orbital rendezvous to deliver the samples safely back to terrestrial laboratories for advanced, in-depth analysis.
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